Activation of Antiviral Protein Kinase Leads to Immunoglobulin E Class Switching in Human B Cells
"... Here, we provide molecular evidence for the roles of viral infection and of activation of the antiviral protein kinase (PKR) (double-stranded-RNA [dsRNA]-activated protein kinase) in the induction of IgE class switching. The presence of dsRNA, a known component of viral infection and an activator of PKR, induced IgE class switching as detected by the expression of germ line ɛ in the human Ramos B-cell line. Furthermore, dsRNA treatment of Ramos cells resulted in the activation of PKR and in vivo activation of the NF-κB complex."
Thank you.
The deliberate contaminant dsRNA, TH2 & IgE:
Activation of Antiviral Protein Kinase Leads to Immunoglobulin E Class Switching in Human B Cells
"... Here, we provide molecular evidence for the roles of viral infection and of activation of the antiviral protein kinase (PKR) (double-stranded-RNA [dsRNA]-activated protein kinase) in the induction of IgE class switching. The presence of dsRNA, a known component of viral infection and an activator of PKR, induced IgE class switching as detected by the expression of germ line ɛ in the human Ramos B-cell line. Furthermore, dsRNA treatment of Ramos cells resulted in the activation of PKR and in vivo activation of the NF-κB complex."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC124593/
It's a mess. We need somebody from the systems biology department to model all this or an AI to extrapolate some models.
RAS is still missing in this mess. Sabatier did a lot of work on the Spike-RAS-Immunology connection.